LAS (DES) VENTAJAS COMPETITIVAS DEL SECTOR CHOCOLATERO DEL ESTADO DE TABASCO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19136/hitos.a0n46.485Keywords:
Sector chocolatero. MIPYMES. Ventajas competitivas. Cadena de valor. Fragmentación.Abstract
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las causas que han impedido tanto el crecimiento de la industria, como el crecimiento individual de las empresas que en ella se encuentran; así como, proponer estrategias para reactivar al sector. Material y método: Es una investigación no experimental, es transeccional descriptiva ya que tiene como objetivo indagar la incidencia y los valores en que se manifiestan variables dentro del enfoque cuantitativo al usar las herramientas estadísticas para asignar valores a los resultados de las variables y cualitativa al ubicar, categorizar y proporcionar una visión de una comunidad y describirla. Se utilizan las teorías de Michael Porter (1982,1987) de las cinco fuerzas del mercado y la cadena de valor. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de datos fue un cuestionario que consiste en 49 preguntas divididas en cuatro factores que permiten determinar el nivel de competitividad de la empresa. El procesamiento de datos se realizó por medio de la realización un libro de códigos. El procesamiento de preguntas en las que las respuestas que sean sí o no, se les dará un valor aleatoria 1 a sí, 2 a no y 0 en caso de que la respuesta no aplicara. Para conocer que tanto influye una variable en las demás se utilizó la comparación de medias por medio de la prueba «T» student para muestras independientes y «Ji» cuadrada para la diferencia de proporciones. De igual manera se revisó la confiabilidad del instrumento a través del coeficiente de Combrach. Resultados: La industria chocolatera se encuentra en un sector fragmentado, entendiendo como fragmentado a «un sector industrial en el cual ninguna empresa tiene una participación importante en el mercado y puede ejercer suficiente influencia sobre el resultado del sector industrial». Las industrias chocolateras carecen de los recursos económicos y de las habilidades para crear canales internos de distribución, organizaciones de servicio internas, instalaciones y logística especializada. Las empresas muestran debilidades internas en aspectos como, la tecnología e innovaciones, la investigación, desarrollo y financiamiento. Conclusiones: Para superar la fragmentación del sector se sugieren estrategias utilizando el modelo de Porter (1987). Cada una de ellas tiene como finalidad hacer más competitivo al sector y de esta manera superar la crisis endémica que sufre desde sus orígenes. ABSTRACT Objetive: Identify the causes that have prevented both the growth of the chocolate industry and the individual growth of the companies that are part of it, and suggest strategies to reactivate this sector. Material and method: This is a non experimental, transactional and descriptive research. Its objective is inquire into the incidence and the values in which variables are shown in the quantitative approach when using statistical tools to assign values to the results of the variables, and qualitative when situating, categorizing, and providing a vision of a community as well as describing it. The theories of Michael Porter (1982,1987) that were used are: the Five forces of the market and the value chain. The instrument used to collect the data was a questionnaire consisting of 49 questions divided into four factors that permit determine the level of competitiveness of the company. The data processing was made by the realization of a book of codes. The processing of the questions where the answers were yes or no will receive an aleatory value 1 to yes, 2 to no, and 0 in case the answer doesn´t apply. To know how much a variable influences the others a comparison of arithmetic means by a «T» student test for independent samples and «÷²» for the difference of proportions was done. The reliability of the instrument was also checked through the Combrach coefficient. Results:The chocolate industry is located in a fragmented sector, understanding fragmented as «an industrial sector where none of the companies has an important participation in the market and can exert enough influence on the result of the industrial sector». The chocolate industries lack of economical resources and skills to open internal distribution canals, internal service organizations, specialized facilities and logistics. The companies show internal weaknesses in aspects such as: technology, innovations, research, development and funding. Conclusions: To overcome the fragmentation of the chocolate sector, strategies are suggested using the Porter Model (1987). Each of them has the purpose to make this sector more competitive, and in this way, surpass the endemic crisis that suffers since its origins.Downloads
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